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Mackintosh, Charles Rennie Architecture
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Design for Glasgow School of Art: south elevation

Architectural drawing showing back elevation of building.'Even after his revisions to the first half of the building, and the proposed alterations pencilled on the 1907 elevation, Mackintosh made a few others. This drawing, from a set made in 1910 of the completed building, shows the facade as it is, including the parts that are now virtually invisible' (McLaren Young).

Mackintosh, Charles Rennie

Design for the Dug-Out, Willow Tea Rooms, Glasgow

Design for the staircase and vestibule, West Elevation, The Dug-Out, Willow Tea Rooms, Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow. Miss Cranston and her husband Major Cochrane commissioned Mackintosh to redesign the interiors of their home Hous'hill at Nitshill. Mackintosh designed several suites of furniture in 1904 and more pieces in 1909. Stripes are the dominant motif in the decorations, in the panels over the settle and between the doors where they are carried over the ceiling as in the guest bedroom at 78 Derngate. The lampshades are also similar to those used in this bedroom. (Roger Billcliffe). The lattice work recalls the hall at Derngate, but here it is used as an open screen rather than with solid or glazed panels. The only furniture that has been traced is the chair at the writing desk and the small table.

Mackintosh, Charles Rennie

Design for The Dug-Out, Willow Tea Rooms, Glasgow

Design for the Restroom, North Elevation, Willow Tea Rooms, Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow. Stripes are the dominant motif in the decorations, in the panels over the settle and between the doors where they are carried over the ceiling as in the guest bedroom at 78 Derngate. The lampshades are also similar to those used in this bedroom. (Roger Billcliffe). The lattice work recalls the hall at Derngate, but here it is used as an open screen rather than with solid or glazed panels. The only furniture that has been traced is the chair at the writing desk and the small table.

Mackintosh, Charles Rennie

Design for the Grand Hall, Glasgow International Exhibition, 1901

The competition, held in 1898, was won by the Glasgow architect James Miller with a considerably more ornate design for a 'bit of Spanish baroque confectionery' (McLaren Young). Like Miller's, Mackintosh's design derives from James Sellars' for the 1888 Glasgow exhibition, but simplified. 'The dome, perhaps a prerequisite for Glasgow exhibitions, remained, but it was presented with severe geometricality, with an Art Nouveau lantern surmounted by a Chinese coolie hat.'

Mackintosh, Charles Rennie

Design for The Hill House, Helensburgh, perspective from south-west

Design for Walter Blackie. 'When in 1902, Walter W Blackie, the publisher, decided to have a new house built on a site he had acquired overlooking the Firth of Clyde, he asked Talwin Morris, the art manager of his firm, for advice in the choice of an architect. Morris had no hesitation in recommending Mackintosh and when Blackie met him they found themselves very much in sympathy with each other. This happy relationship between clients and architect resulted in the largest and perhaps finest example of Mackintosh's executed domestic architecture.' (McLaren Young). The house survives in good condition and still containing much of the furniture which Mackintosh designed for it. The plan is similar to his design for Haus Eines Kunstfreundes, and the schemes for decoration and furnishings throughout the house were executed according to his designs.

Mackintosh, Charles Rennie

Design for Windyhill, Kilmacolm, perspective from north-east

Design for William Davidson. In the mid 1890s Mackintosh met William Davidson, a young Glasgow businessman, who commissioned him to design some furniture for his flat in Gladsmuir, his parents' house at Kilmacolm. About 1899 Davidson decided to build his own house, and Windyhill was the first of Mackintosh's private houses. It was completed in 1901 and still survives. Mackintosh designed the furniture for the hall, drawing room, schoolroom and principal bedroom, much of which survives in the GSA collection.

Mackintosh, Charles Rennie

Design for Windyhill, Kilmacolm, perspective from south-west

Design for William Davidson. In the mid 1890s Mackintosh met William Davidson, a young Glasgow businessman, who commissioned him to design some furniture for his flat in Gladsmuir, his parents' house at Kilmacolm. About 1899 Davidson decided to build his own house, and Windyhill was the first of Mackintosh's private houses. It was completed in 1901 and still survives. Mackintosh designed the furniture for the hall, drawing room, schoolroom and principal bedroom, much of which survives in the GSA collection.

Mackintosh, Charles Rennie

Estimates

Estimates from contractors for work on the School Extension. GOV/5/10/5/1: Glasgow School of Art Proposed Extensions, Estimate for Glazier Work, c1927 (1 booklet) GOV/5/10/5/2: Glasgow School of Art Proposed Extensions, Estimate for Excavator, Mason, Brick and Concrete Works, c1927 (1 booklet) GOV/5/10/5/3: Glasgow School of Art Proposed Extensions, Estimate for Carpenter and Joiner Works, c1927 (1 booklet) GOV/5/10/5/4: Bundle of estimates for work by Robert Scott & Son, 1926 (3 items) GOV/5/10/5/5: Bundle of lists of offers and lowest offers from various contractors for School Extension work, 1927 (4 items) GOV/5/10/5/6: Letter from the Glasgow Corporation Electricity Department to the School providing an estimate for a supply of electricity to 172 Renfrew Street, 21 Nov 1927

*Not available / given

Estimates and Specifications

Estimates for works, specifications of works, tenders, reports on tenders, related correspondence, 1897-1912. GOV/5/6/1: Estimate No.1 for mason work, by Robert Scott & Son (no. 3419), 1897 GOV/5/6/2: Estimate - proposed extensions & alterations by Robert Scott & Son - Masonry, etc. works, 1907 GOV/5/6/3: Estimate - extensions & alterations by Robert Scott & Son - Heating & Ventilation apparatus (no. 5216), 1908 GOV/5/6/4: Estimate No. 1 - mason work - accepted by J. Kirkwood (no. 3419) [Cref. 5/7/121], 1897 GOV/5/6/5: Report on tenders for the several works, 17 Sep 1897 GOV/5/6/6: Copy letter from Robert Scott to Honeyman & Keppie re: cost of excavations, 22 Sep 1906 GOV/5/6/7 File - Tradesmen's Estimates [c122 items] , 1896-1904 GOV/5/6/8: Letter from Keppie with two estimates re: blinds for windows [3 items], 31 Aug 1899 GOV/5/6/9: Estimate by G. Smith, Slater & Plasterer re: holes under the eaves,  6 Sep 1906 GOV/5/6/10: List of offers for alteration & extensions of GSA (for mason & carpenter work only), not dated GOV/5/6/11: Report on tenders for alterations and extensions, 1907 GOV/5/6/12: Memo on lowest tenders showing provisional sums allowed and extra costs of Arbroath stone over concrete for steps and supplementary offers and fees [2 copies], 1907 GOV/5/6/13: Specifications and schedules for electric power and lighting: (a) Summary of offers for electric lighting, with letter from James E. Sayers & Caldwell, 13 Jun 1908 (b) Letter from architects enclosing estimates, 15 Jun 1908 (c) Letter from architects enclosing copies of letters from Osbourne & Hunter, 2 Jun 1908 (d) Specifications and schedule from James E. Sayers & Caldwell, Jun 1908 (e) Letter from architects re: choice of tender, 23 Jun 1908 GOV/5/6/14: Specifications for the installation of a Lightning Conductor at GSA: (a) Messrs. Anderson & Munro - specification, Apr 1909 (b) Covering letter from Anderson & Munro, Apr 1909 (c) Osbourne & Hunter - specification, Apr 1909 (d) Telford, Grier & Mackay - specification, Apr 1909 (e) Claude Hamilton Ltd. - specification, Apr 1909 (f) Corresp. from James E. Sayers & Caldwell, May 1909 (g) List of tenders, not dated GOV/5/6/15: The National Telephone Company, estimates for telephone lines and telephones [2 items], 1909-1910 GOV/5/6/16: Halliwell Furnace & Engineering Co., London: (a) particulars, May 1910 (b) business card (c) article in the Sanitary Record & Municipal Engineering Vol XLV, No. 1067 [3 items] GOV/5/6/17: Tenders for the installation of an electric lift: (a) A & P Steven, Provanside Engine Works, estimate for an electric passenger lift, 17 Jan 1908 (b) R. Waygood & Co. Ltd., estimate for an electric lift and specification (inc. notes on requirements for lift from GSA, d. Dec 1911), Oct 1910 (c) A & P Steven, Provanside Engine Works, estimate for an electric goods lift, 20 Jan 1911 (d) A & P Steven, Provanside Engine Works, specification for a passenger lift at GSA, 8 May 1911 (e) British Engine, Boiler & Electric Insurance Co. Ltd., estimate for lift insurance, 31 Jan 1912 GOV/5/6/18: Estimate for fitting electric radiators into the Library, delayed, not dated GOV/5/6/19: Speirs A/C: scrap detailing excess over estimate lists extra fittings required, not dated GOV/5/6/20: Comparative statement of estimates and measurements for building, Jul 1909 GOV/5/6/21: Estimates & Corresp. re: clocks (a) Dykes Bros. Mar-Sep 1909 (b) The Magenta Company Mar-May 1909 GOV/5/6/22: Estimates re: window cleaning (a) Glasgow Corporation Water Works, 5 Nov 1908 (b) Estimate from Moses, Speirs & Sons with covering letter from architects, 17 Nov 1908 GOV/5/6/23: Estimate from Victor Devine, Plumber, 3 Dec 1907 GOV/5/6/24: Estimate from W.A. Davidson for Repousse Work, 17 Apr 1910 GOV/5/6/25: Estimate for insurance of Steam Boilers, 29 Jan 1908 GOV/5/6/26: Estimate from Wm. Douglas & Sons re: Painter Work in the Ornament Room, 27 Oct 1910 GOV/5/6/27: Estimate from M Stewart, Builder for work in the Animal Room, 20 Oct 1909 GOV/5/6/28: Estimate from G. Ferguson & Sons for platform for Animal Room, 12 Mar 1910

*Not available / given

Financial Records

Building fund cash books, ledgers, statements, balance sheets, abstracts, miscellaneous accounts, receipts 1883-1912, banking papers 1897-1911. GOV/5/2/1: Building Fund Cash Book [with enclosures], 1883-1905 GOV/5/2/2: Building Fund Cash Book & Capital Expenditure A/C [with enclosures], c1906-1912 GOV/5/2/3: Building Fund Ledger [with enclosures], 1883-1902 GOV/5/2/4: Building Fund Ledger & Capital Expenditure A/C, 1907-1912 GOV/5/2/5: Building Fund Contracts Ledger, 1907-1909 GOV/5/2/6: Building Fund Statements, Balance Sheets Abstracts [7 pieces], 1897-1899 GOV/5/2/7: Building Fund Abstract of Income & Expenditure [2 pieces], 1900 GOV/5/2/8: Building Fund Statement, Abstract & Balance [3 pieces], 1901 GOV/5/2/9: Building Fund Statement, Abstract & Balance [2 pieces], 1902 GOV/5/2/10: Building Fund Charges A/C, 1897-1901 GOV/5/2/11: Building Fund Statement for Estimates per Minute of 7 Oct 1897, not dated GOV/5/2/12: Building Fund Receipts & Expenditure of Balance Sheet, Nov 1906-Oct 1910 GOV/5/2/13: Building Fund Statement [working papers], Dec 1908 GOV/5/2/14: Building Fund Statement of Accounts, Apr 1910 GOV/5/2/15: Building Fund Abstract of Vouchers, Oct 1910 GOV/5/2/16: Formal Opening A/C [incl. opening acc. for 1899], 1899 & 1909 GOV/5/2/17: Formal Opening A/C [working papers], 1909 GOV/5/2/18: Architect's Statement of Accounts paid, [incl. letter from J Keppie, d. 15 Jan 1900], not dated GOV/5/2/19: Union Bank of Scotland Bank Statements, 2 Mar 1898 GOV/5/2/20: as above, 1900 GOV/5/2/21: Union Bank of Scotland Current Account Book, 1897-1901 GOV/5/2/22: Union Bank of Scotland Current Account Book, 1901-1903 GOV/5/2/23: as above, 1907-1910 GOV/5/2/24: Union Bank of Scotland Capital Expenditure Account, 1910-1911

*Not available / given

Financial Records

School Extension financial records such as cash books, statements of interest, stocks and shares, and Building Extension Fund balance statements. GOV/5/10/2/1: Extension Building Fund Cash Book, Oct 1926-Sep 1934 GOV/5/10/2/2: Extension Building Fund Ledger [with enclosures at the back], Oct 1926-Sep 1934 GOV/5/10/2/3: Extension Workbooks, 1929-1931: (a) Measurement of the Slater & Roughcasting Works of Extensions, 28 Nov 1929 (b) Measurement of the Steel Work of Extensions, 10 Dec 1929 (c) Measurement of the Glazier Work of Extensions, 12 Mar 1930 (d) Measurement of the Plaster Work of Extensions, 01 Oct 1930 (e) Measurement of the Heating Work of Alterations and Additions, 02 Oct 1930 (f) Measurement of the Painter Work of Extensions, 06 Oct 1930 (g) Measurement of Electric Lighting of Extensions, 06 Oct 1930 (h) Measurement of the Plumber Work of Extensions, 28 Nov 1930 (i) Measurement of the Carpenter & Joiner Works of Extensions, 11 Feb 1931 (j) Measurement of the Excavator, Mason, Brick & Concrete Works of Extensions, 22 Apr 1931 GOV/5/10/2/4: Glasgow School of Art Extension Fund Bank of Scotland Account Books, 1926-1949 (a) Account Book, 1926-1932 (b) Account Book, 1933-1949 GOV/5/10/2/5: Extension Fund Statements of Interest on Account from the Bank of Scotland, 13 Nov 1926- 28 Feb 1931 (20 items) GOV/5/10/2/6: Bank of Scotland Cheques from Glasgow School of Art for the payment of contractors, 1928-1929 (12 items) GOV/5/10/2/7: Correspondence and papers regarding the sale of War Stock and interest accrued on War Loans by W. A. Dunn & Co, members of the stock exchange, on behalf of the School of Art, 1926-1930 (1 folder) GOV/5/10/2/8: Building Fund Statements and Balances, 1927-1931. Also includes a balance for the War Memorial Fund 1919-1931. (1 folder) GOV/5/10/2/9: The Glasgow School of Art List of Securities, 09 Feb 1927 GOV/5/10/2/10: Minutes of the Halfyearly Meeting of Governors, 28 Apr 1931, including a Building Fund financial report, p3.

*Not available / given

Fire Precaution Papers

Papers regarding fire precaution measures at the Glasgow School of Art. Includes: instructions for how to use heated thrones safely; notices about fire drills to be carried out in the School; suggestions by the Master of Works for precautions to be taken in the event of fire, Feb 1928; Circular from the Library Bureau about the importance of record protection in the event of a fire, 02 Feb 1928; correspondence with Osborne & Hunter, Electrical Contractors, about their examination of the electric lighting and reports on fire precaution installations such as fire alarms, Feb-Mar 1928; and a circular from William Miller (Glasgow) Ltd. with brochure advertising fire 'extincteurs', Mar 1928. (20 items)

*Not available / given

Ingram Street Properties

Records relating to the Glasgow School of Art's first properties on Ingram Street: GOV/5/11/1: Copy Offer letter from the Union Bank of Scotland to sell the Ingram Street property, on the corner of Ingram Street and Montrose Street, to the Glasgow School of Art for £3,500, 1845 GOV/5/11/2: Letter from Thomas Binnie and William McCall, surveyors, to the Glasgow School of Art about a valuation of the Ingram Street property at £3,870, 31 Jan 1861 GOV/5/11/3: Mutual Discharge by The Union Bank of Scotland and The Glasgow School of Design, 1869

*Not available / given

Italian Sketchbook

This sketchbook consists of 81 pages of sketches made by Charles Rennie Mackintosh during his trip to Italy in 1891 funded by his Greek Thomson travelling scholarship prize money. The subjects he sketched are mainly architectural, with the one he felt to be most impressive being labelled 'A Caution'. Each sketch is labelled with the name of the city or town in which it was sketched. In 1890 Mackintosh won the Alexander 'Greek' Thomson Travelling Scholarship with a design for a public hall, which enabled him to take an extensive tour abroad from February to July 1891. He left Glasgow for London on 21 March 1891, sailing from Tilbury on the Thames on 27 March and arriving in Naples on 5 April. He then visited Palermo in Sicily, Rome, Orvieto, Siena, Florence, Pisa, Pistoia, Bologna, Ravenna, Ferrara, Venice, Padua, and Vicenza, arriving in Verona on 10 June 1891. The Sketchbook contains drawings from the later part of Mackintosh's tour, from 10th June, with sketches, mostly of architectural and sculptural details, beginning with Verona. It covers Verona (11-14 June); Mantua (14 June); Cremona (14-15 June); Brescia (16 June); Bergamo (17 June); Lecco (18 June); Cadenabbia and Lake Como (19-25 June); Como (26-27 June); Milan (28 June-6 July); Pavia (7 July-?); Certosa di Pavia (probably several days around 12 July); Paris and Chateau d'Ecouen (late July?); Antwerp (late July? - briefly visited on his return journey). It also contains several pages of designs for the Glasgow Art Club (1892-3) and the Glasgow Herald Building (1893-5). The drawings themselves are almost all pencil sketches, some of which are now quite faint.

Mackintosh, Charles Rennie

Mackintosh Art, Design and Architecture Collection

  • MC
  • Collection
  • c1891-2018

Items in The Glasgow School of Art's Mackintosh collection include: furniture, watercolours, drawings, architectural drawings, design drawings, sketchbooks, metalwork and photographs.

Mackintosh studied evening classes at the Glasgow School of Art between 1883-1894, winning numerous student prizes and competitions including the prestigious Alexander Thomson Travelling Studentship in 1890. Mackintosh and his contemporaries also produced four volumes of a publication called "The Magazine" during their time as students, which included examples of their writing and artworks. GSA Archives and Collections hold Mackintosh's Italian Sketchbook, as well as all four volumes of The Magazine, all of which can be browsed on our catalogue.

The majority of Mackintosh's three-dimensional work was created with the help of a small number of patrons within a short period of intense activity between 1896 and 1910. Francis Newbery was headmaster of The Glasgow School of Art during this time and was supportive of Mackintosh's ultimately successful bid to design a new art school building in 1896 - his most prestigious undertaking. For Miss Kate Cranston he designed a series of Glasgow tearoom interiors and for the businessmen William Davidson and Walter Blackie, he was commissioned to design large private houses, 'Windyhill' in Kilmacolm and 'The Hill House' in Helensburgh. In Europe, the originality of Mackintosh's style was quickly appreciated and in 1900 he was invited to participate at the 8th Vienna Secession.

In 1902 Mackintosh was invited to participate at the International Exhibition of Modern Decorative Art in Turin and later at exhibitions in Moscow and Berlin. Despite this success Mackintosh's work met with considerable indifference at home. Few private clients were sufficiently sympathetic to want his 'total design' of house and interior and he was incapable of compromise.

By 1914 Mackintosh had despaired of ever receiving true recognition in Glasgow and together with his wife Margaret Macdonald he moved, temporarily, to Walberswick on the Suffolk Coastline (in England), where he painted many fine flower studies in watercolour. In 1915 the Mackintoshes settled in London and for the next few years Mackintosh attempted to resume practice as an architect and designer. The designs he produced at this time for textiles, for the 'Dug-out' Tea Room in Glasgow and the dramatic interiors for 78 Derngate in Northampton, England show him working in a bold new style of decoration, using primary colours and geometric motifs.

In 1923 the Mackintoshes left London for the South of France, finally living in Port Vendres where Mackintosh gave up all thoughts of architecture and design and devoted himself entirely to painting landscapes. He died in London, of cancer, on 10 December 1928.

The majority of Mackintosh's design work, (including furniture and metalwork), architectural drawings, textile designs and watercolours are in the possession of three public collections - The Glasgow School of Art, Glasgow Museums, and the Hunterian Art Gallery at the University of Glasgow - although significant (individual) pieces can be found in museums across the UK and Europe, North America and Japan. However, some of Mackintosh's most important, symbolist watercolours from the early to mid-1890s are to be found in the collection of The Glasgow School of Art.

The Glasgow School of Art Archives and Collections hold a large number of items by Mackintosh, giving us one of the largest collections of his work held in public ownership. The collection is one of 50 Recognised Collections of National Significance to Scotland. We continue to investigate new routes of engagement for the collection. For example, our Mac(k)cessibility project in conjunction with GSA’s School of Simulation and Visualisation explores digital display and loans of our Mackintosh furniture. Find out more about the Mac(k)cessibility project here.

Mackintosh, Charles Rennie

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