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Fairies

Mackintosh's style here is the closest he came to that of Margaret and Frances Macdonald, but his figures are always more substantial and the subject matter less whimsical than theirs.

Mackintosh, Charles Rennie

The Village, Worth Matravers

In July Mackintosh and Margaret Macdonald spent a holiday in Dorset re-visiting many of the place he had visited in 1895. 'In 'The Village' and 'The Downs' Mackintosh makes his first conscious moves towards his mature style of the Port Vendres period. He is obviously concerned with the pattern of the landscape, picking out features like the stepped hillside, the stone walls, paths and roofs of village houses. These ordinary motifs are given an eerie emphasis by being painted in an equally detailed manner whether they are in the foreground of the the distance... it was probably at this time... that he decided to concentrate more and more on painting. By 1923 he had decided to forsake architecture and design and devote the rest of his life to producing watercolours.' (Roger Billcliffe).

Mackintosh, Charles Rennie

The Tree of Personal Effort

From The Magazine, Spring 1896. Inscribed: The Tree of Personal Effort, The Sun of Indifference, Charles Rennie Mackintosh, January 1895.' The exact meaning of the symbolism of this work, and its companion, 'The Tree of Influence' has eluded all commentators on Mackintosh's early water-colours. The obvious source of the symbolism is nature, and Mackintosh here reaches his most extreme distortion of organic forms.' (Roger Billcliffe).

Mackintosh, Charles Rennie

White Roses

The wavy pattern in the background is very similar to some of the most abstract designs for textiles for which Mackintosh was producing at this time.' (Roger Billcliffe).

Mackintosh, Charles Rennie

The Downs, Worth Matravers

'As in 'The Village' there are no figures in this view of the Dorset countryside. This absolute lack of human activity gives Mackintosh's pictures an air of eerie, even surreal, desertion. They are formal landscapes... the most dominant feature in this work is the tall telegraph pole, a formal and unnatural element in this gentle Dorset landscape.' (Roger Billcliffe).

Mackintosh, Charles Rennie

The Descent of Night

Appears in The Magazine, April 1894. 'The central figure is based upon that used in the 1893 design for a diploma for the GSA and like that in 'The Harvest Moon', has wings like an angel. Here, however, she appears naked and her outstretched arms and hair merge and are transformed into barren tree-like forms. These descend to the horizon behind which the sun is gradually disappearing under the feet of the winged figure. From the bottom of the picture, and directly beneath the sun, rises a flight of menacing birds. They are presumably nocturnal birds of prey and they seem to be flying directly towards the viewers. This is one of Mackintosh's earliest uses of this strange bird, which was to become more stylised and to appear in many different forms, in several media in his oeuvre.' (Roger Billcliffe).

Mackintosh, Charles Rennie

Autumn

Bound in volume, The Magazine, November 1894. 'Behind a stylised tree stands another of Mackintosh's mysterious female figures, but this is the first one to appear that is not meticulously drawn. Only the head is shown in any detail, and the shape of the body is hidden by a voluminous cloak from which not even its limbs appear. This figure was to be repeated many times, becoming more and more stereotyped until, with the banners designed for the Turin Exhibition in 1902, the head is the only recognisably human part of a figure with a twelve-foot long, pear shaped torso. In 1895-96, Mackintosh was to develop this drawing into a poster for the Scottish Musical Review (Howarth, p1, 9F). The same cloaked figure appears with similar formal emblems at the ends of the branches of the bush.' (Roger Billcliffe).

Mackintosh, Charles Rennie

Cabbages in an Orchard

From The Magazine, April 1894. The long text by Mackintosh which accompanies this watercolour in The Magazine (reproduced in full in Billcliffe's catalogue) suggests that he had already encountered public hostility to his work, possibly even from fellow students, on the grounds of incomprehensibility.

Mackintosh, Charles Rennie

Associated Works

This collection includes works by a number of artists, designers and architects associated with Charles Rennie Mackintosh, including his wife Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh, his sister-in-law Frances Macdonald MacNair and his sister-in-law's husband Herbert MacNair. These works include textiles, designs, and four volumes of a Glasgow School of Art student publication called The Magazine, as well as several individual watercolours now separated from the publication. The collection also includes a number of models for proposed architectural schemes by Mackintosh.

Mackintosh, Charles Rennie

The Magazine

There are 4 known surviving volumes: The Magazine 1893, The Magazine April 1894, The Magazine November 1894, The Magazine 1896.

The Magazine was a publication of original writings and designs by students from the Glasgow School of Art, Glasgow, Scotland, and their friends. Appearing in 4 volumes between November 1893 and Spring 1896, The Magazine contains text from contributors handwritten by Lucy Raeburn, editor, accompanied by original illustrations. These volumes are the only known copies of The Magazine. In addition to rare, early watercolours and designs by Charles Rennie Mackintosh, the volumes contain early designs by Frances MacDonald and Margaret MacDonald, at a stage in their development which has been labelled 'Spook School', and two sets of photographs by James Craig Annan, when he was beginning to establish a reputation at home and abroad. Among other contributors were Janet Aitken, Katherine Cameron, Agnes Raeburn and Jessie Keppie, all of whom enjoyed lengthy careers in art and design.

The Magazine is similar to an album amicorum such as those which originated in the middle of the 16th century among German university students, who collected autographs of their friends and notable persons, sometimes adding coats of arms and illustrations. The Magazine resembled the album amicorum in that contributions were by a close group of students and their friends and is all the more interesting because the illustrations were produced by young people who had a common social background, were trained at the same school, and subjected to the same artistic influences. The contributors were closely linked, some by family, some by romantic attachments and had close social connections. Other contributors include C Kelpie, John M Wilson, Jane Keppie, and Ethel M Goodrich. Source: Jude Burkhauser, Glasgow Girls: women in art and design (Edinburgh : Canongate, 1990).

Raeburn, Lucy

Poster for an exhibition of the work of The Glasgow Girls, 1890-1930

This poster for a major exhibition of painting, decorative and applied art by the Glasgow Girls from 1890 to 1930 uses an Eleanor Allen Moore painting as the background. It was a touring exhibition by the Kirkcudbright 2000 group. Over 100 exhibits were provided by the three main Scottish collections of 'Glasgow Girls' work - Glasgow Museums, The Glasgow School of Art and the Hunterian Gallery of the University of Glasgow, and the exhibition ran from 19th Nov to 20th Dec 2010. Artists and makers represented included Annie French, Margaret Gilmour, Norah Neilson Gray, Jessie M. King, Frances and Margaret Macdonald, Jessie Newbery and many others. Several private individuals also lent significant works, many of which had never been viewed in public before. The exhibition was curated by Liz Arthur, formerly a Glasgow Museums curator, who was involved in the last major exhibition on the 'Glasgow Girls' in Glasgow 1990. She also wrote a book to co-incide with this exhibition: 'Glasgow Girls : Artists and Designers 1890-1930' (Alba Printers Ltd, 2010). The exhibition was accompanied by a series of Lunchtime Lectures.

The following additional information was provided by the creator in September 2020:

"During my third year as a Graphic Design student, my fellow student Patrick Macklin who was studying Interior Design approached me with a request for technical help in producing a poster for the “Glasgow Girls” exhibition which he had been asked to produce. As this was the era of pre-digital, creating a poster for printing was quite a specialist task and was really the domain of Graphic Designers.

The artwork began by sourcing an archive image of historical female students in Glasgow School of Art in the Mackintosh era that could be scaled up to the finished size and retain a high enough visual quality. Because the concept that we decided on would heavily reference Mackintosh, I decided to use his signature violet colour and chose the exact colour from a pantone chart, that is so heavily associated with Mackintosh to create a duotone of the archival photograph.

Once I established the finished size of the poster, I drew by hand the printers marks that would establish cropping, registration of the separated colours and alignment of the layers on a sheet of heavy CS10 board (I think I did not eat for a couple of days to afford that board!).

The next stage was to create an area that would convey the information that the poster would communicate to the viewer. As this was the pre-digital era, I had to work out all the line lengths and the subsequent point sizes and weights required for the information block at the foot of the poster using type catalogues, rulers and casting off rulers. Once this was established, I requested to the operator of the GSA’s linotype photosetting machines to print out a galley proof of the type, once I was happy with the layout and weights of the type. I chose the font from the limited range that was available to the operator, as these fonts were mastered on glass slides that would be inserted into the linotype machine and were very expensive and therefore very limited in range. I settled on Book Antiqua as it was one of the least boring of the serif font choices and was also similar to the font used by Prefab Sprout in there “Swoon” album which I had nearly worn out the grooves of by that time!

I then used traditional art materials such as Letraset, drafting film, rubalith, rotring rapidograph pens and scalpels to create the text area. I hand drafted the dashed stroke around the border of the text area to invoke Mackintosh’s distinct use of these in his work. To create harmony and visual balance, I also hand cut a further two perfect squares using a half tone letraset dot matrix on a further layer to fill the void at either end of the “Girls” line of text to make a block so reminiscent of the Japanese wood cut influence in Mackintosh’s typography without being too literal.

It was really difficult in those days to source “camera ready” artwork for the sponsors logos, as companies in those days regarded any activity outside official Design Studios with the utmost suspicion. Eventually we managed to source these and I scaled them to the correct size using an Agfa Repromaster copy camera and the dark room. All these elements were then pasted on to the CS10 backboard or drafting film layers with measurement and precision using low tack spray mount.

The finished artwork was then sent to the Printer to be screen printed. I also supplied the pantone ink numbers they were to use for the screen printing in a list.

I was lucky enough to receive (as payment for my services) a “free” copy of the poster for my portfolio which I still have today!"

Devlin, Alistair

Summer landscape

This item was lost in the fire in The Mackintosh Building at The Glasgow School of Art on 23rd May 2014. Summer landscape, with trees and water to foreground.

Alison, Henry Young

Winter at Muckbrig

This item was lost in the fire in The Mackintosh Building at The Glasgow School of Art on 23rd May 2014. Winter landscape with cottage under snow. Location: Pinwherry, Ayrshire.

Alison, Henry Young

Seascape

This item was lost in the fire in The Mackintosh Building at The Glasgow School of Art on 23rd May 2014. Beach and rocks in foreground; land on left, mid-distance.

Alison, Henry Young

Winter landscape

This item was lost in the fire in The Mackintosh Building at The Glasgow School of Art on 23rd May 2014. Country track under snow; possibly near Pinwherry, Ayrshire.

Alison, Henry Young

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